Types of Shallow Foundation

Shallow Foundation: According to Terzaghi, if the depth of foundation is less than or equal to its width, then it is called a Shallow Foundation. This type of foundation transfer building load to the earth very near to the surface.

Shallow Foundation are:

i) Isolated Footing: This is the most common type of foundation used for building construction and also most economical one. They are most commonly square and rectangular is size.

ii) Combined Footing: Combined footing support more than one column in a row. Combined footings are constructed when two or more columns are close enough and their isolated footing overlaps one-another.

For you: Types of Foundation

iii) Strap Footing: A strap footing consists of two isolated footings connected with a structural strap or a lever. The strap connects the two footing such that they behave as one unit.The strap simply act as a connected beam and does not take any soil reaction. 

iv) Mat or Raft Foundation: A mat or a raft is a large slab supporting a number of columns and wall under the entire or large part of a structure. Mat foundation required when the allowable soil pressure is low or where the columns or walls are so closed that individual footings overlap or touch each-other.

v) Wall Footing: This type of foundation runs along the direction of the wall and helps to transmit the load of the wall into the ground.

Classification of Pile