Types of Building Foundations

 Types of Building Foundations 

Foundations are basically of two (02) types: 

1) Shallow Foundation
2) Deep Foundation
Types of Building Foundations 

1) Shallow Foundation: According to Terzaghi, if the depth of foundation is less than or equal to its width, then it is called a Shallow Foundation. This type of foundation transfer building load to the earth very near to the surface.
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Shallow Foundations are:

i) Isolated Footing: This is the most common type of foundation used for building construction and also most economical one. They are most commonly square and rectangular is size.

Types of Building Foundations


ii) Combined Footing: Combined footing support more than one column in a row. Combined footings are constructed when two or more columns are close enough and their isolated footing overlaps one-another.

Types of Building Foundations


iii) Strap Footing: A strap footing consists of two isolated footings connected with a structural strap or a lever. The strap connects the two footing such that they behave as one unit. The strap simply act as a connected beam and does not take any soil reaction. 

Types of Building Foundations


iv) Mat or Raft Foundation: A mat or a raft is a large slab supporting a number of columns and wall under the entire or large part of a structure. Mat foundation required when the allowable soil pressure is low or where the columns or walls are so closed that individual footings overlap or touch each-other.

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Types of Building Foundations


v) Wall Footing: This type of foundation runs along the direction of the wall and helps to transmit the load of the wall into the ground.


Types of Building Foundations


2) Deep Foundation: According to Tarzaghi, if the depth of foundation is greater than its width. then it is called Deep Foundation. A deep foundation is generally much more expensive than a shallow foundation. 

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Deep Foundations are:

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i) Pile Foundation : A pile is a slender structural member made of steel, concrete or wood. A pile is either driven into the soil or formed in-situ by excavating a hole a filling it with concrete.


Types of Building Foundations


ii) Pier Foundation: A pier is a large diameter concrete cylinder build in the ground. The difference between a drilled pier and a bored pile is basically of size.

Types of Building Foundations


iii) Well Foundation: A well foundation is similar to an open caisson. Well foundation can be constructed on a dry bed or after making a sand island.

Types of Building Foundations


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