Determination of Aggregate Impact Value

The aggregate impact value is a measure of resistance to sudden impact or shock, which may differ from its resistance to gradually applied compressive load. Test procedure as per BS described below:- 

Sample Collection: The Standard aggregate should pass through 14.0 mm sieve and retain on a 10.0 mm sieve.

Apparatus: 

1) An AIV testing machine is showing below and consists of:



                Figure: AIV Testing Machine


* Weight should be 45-60 kg.

*  Machine shall have a circular  metal base weighing between 22-39 kg, with a plane lower surface of not less than 300 mm diameter and supported on a level and plane concrete or stone block or floor at least 450 mm thick.

* A cylindrical steel cup with an internal diameter of 102 mm and internal depth of 50 mm.

* A metal hammer weighing 13.5 kg to 14.0 kg of cylindrical shape.  

2) Test sieve of sizes 14.0 mm, 10.0 mm and 2.36 mm.

3) A cylindrical metal measures of sufficient rigidity to retain its form under rough usage and with an internal diameter of 75(+/-)1 mm and an internal depth of 50(+/-)1 mm.

4) A tamping rod of 10 mm diameter, 230 mm long, rounded at one end.

5) A balance of capacity not less than 500 gm and accurate to 0.1 gm.       

Test Procedure:

1) Rest the impact machine, upon the level plate, block or floor, so that it is rigid and the hammer guide columns are vertical.

2) Fix the cup firmly in position on the base of the machine and place the whole of the sample in it and compact by a single tamping of 25 strokes of the tamping rod.

3) Adjust the height of the hammer so that its lower face is 380(+/-)5 mm above the upper surface of the aggregates in the cup and then allow it to fall freely on the aggregates. Subject the test sample to a total of 15 such blows, each being delivered at an interval of not less than 1 second. No adjustment for hammer height is required after the first blow.

4) Then remove the crushed aggregates by holding the cup over a clean tray and hammering on the outside with a suitable rubber mallet until the sample particles are sufficiently disturbed to enable the mass of the sample to fall freely on the tray. Transfer fine particles adhering to the inside of the cup and the underside of the hammer to the tray by means of a stiff bristle brush. Sieve the whole of the sample in the tray, for the standard test, on the 2.36 mm (#8) test sieve until no further significant amount passes in 1 min.

5) Repeat the whole procedure starting from the beginning using a second sample of the same mass as the first sample.

Calculation:

1) The ratio of the mass of fines formed to the total sample mass in each test shall be expressed as a percentage, the result being recorded to the first decimal place.

        Percentage of the fraction passing the 2.36 mm (#8) sieve = ( B*100)/A

where, 
            A = weight of surface-dry sample.

            B = weight of fraction passing the 2.36 mm (#8) sieve

* the average of two determination is taken as the Aggregate Impact Value ( AIV)
  
Now Classification of aggregate using Aggregate Impact Value are as follows:     

 
Aggregate Impact Value
 
   Classification 
    <20%
   Exceptionally strong 
     10-20%   Strong
     20-30%   Satisfactory for road surfacing  
     >35%   Weak for road surfacing 

Importance Of Fineness Test of Cement:

The property of cement that indicates particle size of cement and specific surface area is called fineness of cement. Rate of hydration greatly depend on fineness of cement and a for a rapid development of strength, high fineness is required.Here we can list the importance of cement fineness test:

1)  It affect hydration rate of cement and it turns into strength. Increasing fineness increase the rate of hydration, high strength and high heat generation.

2)  Bleeding can be reduced by increasing fineness.However increasing fineness demands more water for workability resulting a higher possibility of dry shrinkage. 

3)  The smaller the particle size the greater the surface area to volume ratio, thus the more area available for water -cement interaction per unit volume.

Importance of soundness test of cement

4)   It also used to check the proper grinding of cement and measure the surface area of the cement particles per unit mass.

Cement fineness test
Cement fineness test

Cement Test

The following tests are conduct in lab for Cement:-

1) Fineness test: The property of cement that indicates particle size of cement and specific surface area is called fineness of cement. Rate of hydration greatly depend on fineness of cement and a for a rapid development of strength, high fineness is required.
Cement test 

Cement test

2) Soundness Test: It is essential for cement paste that once it has sets, does not undergo a large change in volume. The ability of cement to retains its volume after it get harder is known as soundness of cement. This test conduct to identify the excess amount of lime in cement.


Cement test
Cement test 


3) Consistency Test: The consistency at which cement paste will permit penetration on vicat plunger of 10 mm diameter and 50 mm length to a depth of 33-35 mm from top of the mould is defined as the standard consistency of cement. Generally, standard consistency for OPC is 26-33%.
Cement test 


Cement test



4) Setting Time Test: In broad sense setting refers to change of cement paste from a fluid state to a rigid state. Generally, Initial setting time and final setting time is required to test at lab.

Initial setting time is the state of cement mortar or concrete when it starts to become stiffen.
Final setting time is the state when cement mortar or concrete becomes fully unworkable.  
 For OPC initial setting time is 30 minutes and final setting time is 600 minutes.

5) Chemical composition Test:

6) Strength Test ( Compressive and..   Tensile): Cement has two types of strength: compressive strength and tensile strength . 
Two know the compressive strength  cement mortar cube test performed at lab.
And for tensile strength Briqutte test and split tensile test performed.

Field Test of Cement

Field Test of Cement 

Field Test of Cement: Cement is the most important ingradient for construction work. It plays vital role because it is the binding material. So ensuring good cement in construction work is important to know the field test of cement .
Cement test 
Here we will discuss about the the field test of cement:

1) Manufacturing Date: As strength of cement reduced with time, so checking of manufacturing date is very important. 

   
Field test of cement
Cement Test 


2) Colour of Cement: Colour of cement should be uniform and it would be light greenish gray.

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3) Presence of Hard Lump: Presence of lump in cement bag indicates the moisture absorption. So it should be free from lump.


Field test of cement
Cement Test 



4) Temperature: Temperature of cement in bag is very important. Normally if someone enter his hand in a cement bag it will feel cool. But if it feel worm, ( but new cement from the manufacturing will be warm) then it indicate that hydration reaction start there, which is not desired.  
Cement test 

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5) Smoothness: When cement rubbed with two fingers it will feel smooth. Rough in feelings indicate adulteration.


Field test of cement
Cement Test 



6) Water Sinking:  If a small quantity of cement thrown on water in-case of good quality cement it will sink.

7) Flexure Test: Make a 25 mm * 25 mm * 200 mm block if cement with water. Then immersed in water for 03 days. After removing, it is supported 150 mm apart and a weight of 15 kg uniformly placed over it. If it shows no sign of failure, the cement is good.       
Cement Test 

Performing these field test you can confirm good quality cement at your construction field.




Water Absorption test of Bricks

Absorption Test of Bricks as per ASTM C67:

Apparatus: 

1) Balance:  It should have a capacity of not less than 2000 gm and shall be sensitive to 0.5 gm.

2) Oven:  Drying oven have a capacity of maintaining a temperature between 110 and 115 degree Celsius.

Test Specimens:

The test specimens shall consists of half bricks. 05 specimens will be tested.

Test Procedure:

* Drying: Dry the test specimens in oven at 110-115 degree Celsius for not less than 24 hours.
*Cooling : After drying cool it at a temperature 24( +/-) 8 degree Celsius with a relative humidity between 30%-70%.
* After drying and cooling weight the specimens by the balance.
* After that submerged the dry cooled specimens in clean water at 15.5-30 degree Celsius for specified time(here 24 hours).            After that remove the specimen and wipe off the surface with a damp cloth and weight the specimen. Complete weighting of each specimen within 05 minutes after removing the specimen from water.

Calculation:

Calculate the absorption of each specimen as follows:

                    Absorption, % = { (Ws-Wd) / Wd } *100

        here, Ws = saturated weight of the specimen after submerged in water

                Wd = Dry weight of specimen


āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āωāĻĒāϝোāĻ—ী āĻ­াāϞো āĻŦাāϞু āϚেāύাāϰ āωāĻĒা⧟

āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖāĻ•াāϜে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϟি āϜিāύিāϏ āĻ­াāϞো āĻ•িāύা āϤা āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ্āϝāχ āϜেāύে āύে⧟া āĻ­াāϞ। āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āĻ…āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻ…āĻĒāϰিāĻšাāϰ্āϝ āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ āĻŦাāϞু। āφāϜ āφāĻŽāϰা āϜাāύāĻŦ āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦাāϞুāϰ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĢিāϞ্āĻĄ āϟেāϏ্āϟেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āϤা āĻ­াāϞো āĻ•ি āĻŽāύ্āĻĻ āϤা āϜাāύা āϝা⧟।

ā§§) āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে āϚোāĻ–েāϰ āĻĻেāĻ–া⧟ āφāĻŽāϰা āĻ­াāϞো āĻŦাāϞি āϚেāύাāϰ āϚেāώ্āϟা āĻ•āϰāĻŦ। āĻ­াāϞো āĻŦাāϞুāϤে āĻ•োāύ āĻĢāϰেāύ āĻŽ্āϝাāϟেāϰি⧟াāϞ āĻŽিāĻļ্āϰিāϤ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āύা। āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻāϟা āĻŽā§ŸāϞা / āφāĻ—াāĻ›া āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤ āĻšāĻŦে।



⧍) āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻ…āϞ্āĻĒ āϏংāĻ–্āϝāĻ• āĻŦাāϞু āĻšাāϤেāϰ āϤাāϞুāϤে āύি⧟ে āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧাāĻ™্āĻ—ুāϞ āĻĻি⧟ে āĻ­াāϞো āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĄāϞা āĻĻে⧟াāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĢেāϞে āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻŦাāϞুāϤে āĻ•াāĻĻা āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āϤা āĻšাāϤেāϰ āϤাāϞুāϤে āϞেāĻ—ে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে।

ā§Š) āĻ…āϞ্āĻĒ āĻ•ā§ŸেāĻ• āĻĻাāύা āĻŦাāϞু āϜিāĻš্āĻŦা⧟ āĻĻি⧟ে āĻāϤে āϞāĻŦāύেāϰ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻšিāϤি āφāĻ›ে āĻ•িāύা āϤা āĻŦুāĻা āϝা⧟।

ā§Ē) āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻ•াঁāϚেāϰ āĻĒাāϤ্āϰেāϰ ā§§/ā§Ē āĻ­াāĻ— āĻŦাāϞু āύি⧟ে āϤাāϤে āĻ…āĻŦāĻļিāώ্āϟ ā§Š/ā§Ē āĻ­াāĻ— āĻĒাāύি āύিāϤে āĻšāĻŦ।   āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻāχ āĻŽিāĻļ্āϰāĻŖ āĻ­াāϞোāĻ­াāĻŦে āύে⧜ে āĻāĻ•āϟা āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āϜা⧟āĻ—া⧟ āϰেāĻ–ে āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।
āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āĻ•ā§ŸেāĻ• āϏেāĻ•েāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝেāχ āĻŦাāϞু āύিāϚে āϜāĻŽা āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী ⧍ āϘāύ্āϟা⧟ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦাāϞুāϰ āωāĻĒāϰে āϝা āϜāĻŽা āĻšāĻŦে āϤাāχ āĻŦাāϞুāϤে āĻŽিāĻļে āĻĨাāĻ•া āĻ­েāϜাāϞ। 

āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–া āĻ­াāϞ āĻŦাāϞুāϤে āĻāχāϏāĻŦ āĻŽিāĻļে āĻĨাāĻ•া āĻ•াঁāĻĻা -āĻĒāϞি ā§Ģ% āĻāϰ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ িāĻ• āύা। āφāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ•াāϜে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻŦাāϞু āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ্āϝāχ āϞāĻŦāύ āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤ āĻšāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।                    

āĻ­াāϞো āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟ āϚেāύাāϰ āωāĻĒা⧟

āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟ, āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āϏāĻŦāϚে⧟ে āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ।  āĻĸাāϞাāĻ‡ā§Ÿেāϰ āĻ•াāϜে āĻĸাāϞাāĻ‡ā§Ÿেāϰ āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύāĻ—ুāϞো āϜāĻŽাāϟ āĻŦাঁāϧāϤে āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰা⧟ āĻ…āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĻ্āĻŦāύ্āĻĻ্āĻŦী। 
āϟেāĻ•āύিāĻ•্āϝাāϞ āϞোāĻ•āϜāύ āϞ্āϝাāĻŦ āϟেāϏ্āϟ āĻ•āϰে āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟেāϰ āĻ—ুāĻŖাāĻŦāϞি āϜাāύāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϝাāϰা āϞ্āϝাāĻŦ āϟেāϏ্āϟ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে āύা āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ???? 
āĻš্āϝা āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĢিāϞ্āĻĄ āϟেāϏ্āϟ āφāĻ›। āϝাāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟেāϰ āĻ­াāϞো āĻŽāύ্āĻĻ āϏāĻšāϜেāχ āϏāĻŦাāχ āϚিāύāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে।  āĻāχ āϟেāϏ্āϟāĻ—ুāϞো āĻšāϞোঃ

ā§§) āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ—েāϰ āĻŽুāĻ– āĻ–ুāϞে āĻ­েāϤāϰে āϜāĻŽাāϟāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟ āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āϤা āĻ­াāϞো āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟ āύ⧟। āĻ­াāϞো āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟ āĻ•āĻ–āύো āϜāĻŽাāϟāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āύা।      

⧍) āĻāĻ•āϟা āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ—ে āĻšাāϤ āĻĸুāĻ•াāϞে āĻ­াāϞো āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟেāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻ াāύ্āĻĄা āĻ…āύুāĻ­āĻŦ āĻšāĻŦে।

ā§Š) āĻ…āϞ্āĻĒ āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟ āĻšাāϤেāϰ āĻĻুāχ āφāĻ™্āĻ—ুāϞে āύিāϞে āĻ­াāϞো āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟেāϰ 
āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻŽāϏৃāĻŖ āĻ…āύুāĻ­āĻŦ āĻšāĻŦে।   

ā§Ē) āĻāĻ• āĻŽুāĻ ো āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟ āĻšাāϤে āύি⧟ে āĻŽুāĻ ো āĻ•āϰে āĻšাāϤ āĻĒাāύিāϰ āĻ­েāϤāϰে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ•āϰাāϞে āϝāĻ–āύ āĻŽুāĻ োāϰ āĻ­েāϤāϰে āĻĒাāύি āĻĸুāĻ•āĻŦে āϤāĻ–āύ āĻ­াāϞো āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟেāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻ—āϰāĻŽ āĻ…āύুāĻ­āĻŦ āĻšāĻŦে।

ā§Ģ) āĻāĻ•āĻŽুāĻ ো āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟ āĻšাāϤে āύি⧟ে āϤা āĻĒাāύিāϤে āĻ›ā§œি⧟ে āĻĻিāϞে āĻ­াāϞো āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āĻĒাāύিāϤে āĻĸুāĻŦে āϝাāĻŦে āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟ āĻ­াāϞো āύা āĻšāϞে āϤা āĻĒাāύিāϰ āωāĻĒāϰে āĻ­েāώে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে।

    āĻāχ āĻŦিāώ⧟āĻ—ুāϞো āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āĻ•āϰāϞেāχ āφāĻĒāύি āϏāĻšāϜেāχ āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖāĻ•াāϜে āĻ­াāϞো āϏিāĻŽেāύ্āϟেāϰ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦেāύ।        

                                      

Test on Bricks

Bricks are widely used in different kind of construction site all over the world. So we need to know about its tests to ensure good quality bricks in construction. Following tests are performed to ensure its quality:

1.Compressive Strength of Bricks: 
According to BDS-208, take 12 bricks randomly from sample and half them and take one-half for test. The specimens shall be immersed in water at 15- 20 degree Celsius for 24 hours . After that dry them at room temperature for 5 minutes.Fill their frogs by mortar of 1:1.5  cement-sand ratio.The bricks should now stored under damp sack for 24 hours and after that it should immersed in water for 6 days before performing test.After 7 days of filling mortar, specimens will be taken out, wiped dry with damp cloth and placed with flat surface horizontally, and the mortar filled face facing upward between two number 3 plywood sheets each approximately of 3 mm thickness and carefully centered between the plates of the compression testing machine.The compression plate of the testing machine shall have a ball seating in the form of a portion of sphere, the center of each coinciding with the center of the face of the plate. The load shall be applied axially at a uniform rate of 140kg/sqcm per minute until the failure. The failure shall be deemed to have occurred when no further increase in the load is registered with unchanged rate of moving head travel. 

        Compressive strength (kg/sqcm or mpa or lb/sqin)= W/A
            Where,
                        W= Maximum load indicated by machine
                        A= Area.
       
2. Water Absorption test of Bricks: To ensure good quality brick determining water absorption is very important. This test conducted to determine durability properties of bricks i.e. degree of burning, quality and behavior of bricks under weathering actions. Click here to know about this test procedure.

3. Efflorescence : Efflorescence is a whitish crystalline deposit on surface of the bricks. Usually it is the deposit of salt on brick. If soluble salt present in clay during brick molding then it causes efflorescence. 
  
4. Measurement of Size: 

5. Determining the Weight of Brick:

6.Measurement of Warpage.

CBR Test (āϏিāĻŦিāφāϰ āϟেāϏ্āϟ)

CBR āϟেāϏ্āϟেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻŽূāϞāϤ āĻŽাāϟিāϰ shear strength āϏāĻŽāύ্āϧে āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϝা⧟। āĻāϟা āĻŽূāϞāϤ āϞ্āϝাāĻŦāϰেāϟāϰী āϟেāϏ্āϟ āϤāĻŦে āĻ…āύেāĻ• āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āϏাāχāϟেāĻ“ āĻāχ āϟেāώ্āϟ āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟ āĻāĻŦং āĻāϰ āϰেāϜাāϞ্āϟ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϏāĻšāϜেāχ  āϰাāϏ্āϤাāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϞে⧟াāϰেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύী⧟ āĻĒুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āύিāϰ্āϪ⧟ āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟।           
 āĻāχ āϟেāϏ্āϟেāϰ āϏāĻŦāϚেāϝ়ে āĻŦ⧜ āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āĻāχ āϟেāϏ্āϟ  āĻ—োāϟা āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāϜু⧜ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻĢāϞে āϟেāϏ্āϟ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĒ্āϤ āϰেāϜাāϞ্āϟ āϏāĻšāϜে āĻŦুāĻাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻ—াāχāĻĄāϞাāχāύ āϏāĻšāϜেāχ āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϝা⧟।


āϝāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻĒাāϤিঃ 
ā§§) āϏিāĻŦিāφāϰ āϞোāĻĄিং āĻŽেāĻļিāύঃ āĻāϟা āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰেāĻļāύ āĻŽেāĻļিāύ, āϝা  ā§Ēā§Ē.ā§Ģ āĻ•িāϞোāύিāωāϟāύ āϞোāĻĄ ā§§.⧍⧭ āĻŽিāϞিāĻŽিāϟাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŽিāύিāϟে āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।


⧍) āĻĒ্āϰোāĻ­িং āϰিং āϝা āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āϞোāĻĄ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻĒে āϏāĻŽāϰ্। 

ā§Š) āĻĒেāύিāϟ্āϰেāĻļāύ āĻĒিāϏ্āϟāύ

ā§Ē) āĻĒেāύিāϟ্āϰেāĻļāύ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻĒেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĄা⧟াāϞ āĻ—āϜ

ā§Ģ)  āĻŽোāϞ্āĻĄঃ āϏিāϞিāύ্āĻĄাāϰ āϏেāχāĻĒেāϰ āϝাāϰ āĻ­েāϤāϰেāϰ āĻĄা⧟াāĻŽিāϟাāϰ āĻšāĻŦে ā§§ā§Ģ⧍.⧍+/- ā§Ļ.ā§Ŧā§Ŧ  āĻŽিāϞি. āĻ“ āωāϚ্āϚāϤা āĻšāĻŦে ā§§ā§­ā§­.ā§Ž +/- ā§Ļ.ā§Ŧā§Ŧ āĻŽিāϞিāĻŽিāϟাāϰ।


ā§Ŧ) āϏ্āĻĒেāϏাāϰ āĻĄিāϏ্āĻ•ঃ āĻŽেāϟাāϞেāϰ āϤৈāϰি āĻ—োāϞাāĻ•াāϰ āĻĄিāϏ্āĻ• āϝাāϰ āĻĄা⧟াāĻŽিāϟাāϰ ā§§ā§Ģā§Ļ.ā§Ž +/- ā§Ļ.ā§Ž āĻŽিāϞিāĻŽিāϟাāϰ āĻ“ āωāϚ্āϚāϤা ā§Ŧā§§.ā§Ē +/-ā§Ļ.ā§§ āĻŽিāϞিāĻŽিāϟাāϰ। 
ā§­) āϰ‍্āϝাāĻŽাāϰঃ  āĻ­āϰ ⧍.ā§Ģ āĻ•েāϜি (ā§Ģ.ā§Ģ āĻĒাāωāύ্āĻĄ) āĻ“ āφāϘাāϤ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻĢেāϏ āĻšāĻŦে ā§Ģā§Ļ.ā§Ž āĻŽিāϞিāĻŽিāϟাāϰ āĻĄা⧟াāĻŽিāϟাāϰেāϰ।

ā§Ž) āĻāĻ•্āϏāĻĒাāύāϏāύ  āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻĒেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύী⧟ āϝāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻĒাāϤি
⧝) āϏাāϰāϚাāϰ্āϜ āĻ­āϰ 
ā§§ā§Ļ) āϟ্āϝাāĻ™্āĻ•ঃ āϏ্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒāϞেāϰ ⧍ā§Ģ āĻŽিāϞিāĻŽিāϟাāϰ  āωāĻĒāϰ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻĒাāύিāϰ āϞেāĻ­েāϞ āĻŽেāχāύāϟেāχāύ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻŽāϤ āϟ্āϝাāĻ™্āĻ•
ā§§ā§§) āĻŦ্āϝাāϞাāύ্āϏ
⧧⧍) āĻ“āĻ­েāύ
ā§§ā§Š) āϏীāĻ­ঃ ⧧⧝ āĻŽিāϞিāĻŽিāϟাāϰ āĻ“ ā§Ē āύং
 
āϏ্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒāϞঃ 
ā§Šā§Ģ āĻ•েāϜি āϏ্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒāϞ AASHTO (Method-C) āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী āύিāύ্āĻŽāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻ­াāĻŦে āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦেঃ

- āϝāĻĻি āĻĢিāϞ্āĻĄ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϏংāĻ—ৃāĻšীāϤ āϏ্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒāϞ āĻ­েāϜা āĻšā§Ÿ āϤāĻŦে āϤা āĻ“āĻ­েāύে āĻļুāĻ•ি⧟ে āύিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে ( āϤāĻŦে āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্āϰা āϝেāύ ā§Ŧā§Ļ āĻĄিāĻ—্āϰি āĻ…āϤিāĻ•্āϰāĻŽ āύা āĻ•āϰে)      

 -āĻŽ্āϝাāϟেāϰি⧟াāϞ āϝāĻĻি ⧧⧝ āĻŽিāϞি. āϏীāĻ­ āĻĻি⧟ে āϏāĻŦāĻ—ুāϞোāχ āĻĒাāϏ āĻ•āϰে āϤāĻŦে āϏেāĻ—ুāϞোāχ āĻ•াāϜে āϞাāĻ—āĻŦে āφāϰ āϝāĻĻি āĻ•িāĻ›ু āϏংāĻ–্āϝāĻ• āĻŽ্āϝাāϟেāϰি⧟াāϞ ⧧⧝ āĻŽিāϞি. āϏীāĻ­েāϰ āωāĻĒāϰে āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϝা⧟,āϤাāĻšāϞে āϏে āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāύ āĻŽ্āϝাāϟেāϰি⧟াāϞ āϝা ⧧⧝ āĻŽিāϞিāĻŽিāϟাāϰে āĻĒাāϏ āĻ•āϰে āĻ•িāύ্āϤু ā§Ē āύং āĻāϰ āωāĻĒāϰে āĻĨাāĻ•ে  āĻāĻŽāύ āĻŽ্āϝাāϟেāϰি⧟াāϞ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϰিāĻĒ্āϞেāϏ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।

- ā§§ā§§ āĻ•েāϜিāϰ āĻŽāϤ āϏ্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒāϞ MDD/ OMC āϜāύ্āϝ āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাāĻ•ীāĻ—ুāϞো ā§Š āĻ­াāĻ—ে āĻ­াāĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।

āύāĻŽুāύা āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤিঃ
ā§§) āύāϰāĻŽাāϞি ā§Š āϟি āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻ•āϟেāĻĄ āύāĻŽুāύা āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে, āϝেāύ āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻ•āϟেāĻĄ āĻĄেāύāϏিāϟি MDD'āϰ ⧝ā§Ģ-ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ% āĻšā§Ÿ।

* OMC āĻ“ MDD  āύিāϰ্āϪ⧟েāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϏ্āϟ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄাāϰ্āĻĄ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϟোāϰ āĻŦা āĻŽāĻĄিāĻĢাāχāĻĄ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϟোāϰ āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻ•āĻļāύ āĻŽেāĻĨāĻĄ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟। 

* āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āύāĻŽুāύা ā§Š āϟি āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤিāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āϞে⧟াāϰে ā§§ā§Ļ, ā§Šā§Ļ āĻ“ ā§Ŧā§Ģ āĻŦ্āϞো āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ āĻšā§Ÿ।

⧍) āĻŽোāϞ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻ•্āϞাāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ•ে āĻŦেāϏ āĻĒ্āϞেāϟেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āφāϟāĻ•ি⧟ে āĻāϰ āĻ“āϜāύ āύে⧟া āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āϏ্āĻĒেāϏাāϰ āĻĄিāϏ্āĻ• āĻŽোāϞ্āĻĄে āϞাāĻ—ি⧟ে āϤাāϰ āωāĻĒāϰে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĢিāϞ্āϟাāϰ āĻĒেāĻĒাāϰ āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ।

ā§Š) āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦেāϰ āφāϞাāĻĻাāĻ•ৃāϤ ā§Š āϟি āϏ্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒāϞে Optimum moisture content obtain āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāύ āĻĒাāύি āĻŽেāĻļাāύো āĻšā§Ÿ।

ā§Ē)  āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻŽোāϞ্āĻĄে āĻĒাāύি āĻŽেāĻļাāύো āϏ্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒāϞ āύি⧟ে āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻ• āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং āĻŽোāϞ্āĻĄে āĻāϰ āωāϚ্āϚāϤা ⧧⧍⧭ āĻŽিāϞিāĻŽিāϟাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ।    āϏ্āϟ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄাāϰ্āĻĄ āϟেāϏ্āϟেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ ā§Ļā§Š āϞে⧟াāϰে āĻ“ āĻŽāĻĄিāĻĢাāχāĻĄ āϟেāϏ্āϟেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ ā§Ļā§Ģ āϞে⧟াāϰে āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻ• āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ।

*āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻ•āĻļāύেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে āĻ“ āĻļেāώে āϏ্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒāϞেāϰ āĻŽā§ŸেāĻļ্āϚাāϰ āĻ•āύāϟেāύ্āϟ āύিāϰ্āϪ⧟ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।

ā§Ģ) āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻ•্āϞাāĻŽ্āĻĒ āĻ–ুāϞে āĻŽোāϞ্āĻĄāĻ•ে āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻ•āϰে āĻāϰ āϏাāϰāĻĢেāϏ āϏāĻŽাāύ āĻ•āϰে āϟ্āϰিāĻŽ āĻ•āϰে āύি⧟ে āϤাāϰ āĻ“āϜāύ āύিāϰ্āϪ⧟ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।

āϏোāĻ•িং ( soak CBR āύিāϰ্āϪ⧟েāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰ):

 ā§§) āĻāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āύāĻŽুāύাāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ annular load āĻĻি⧟ে āĻĒাāύিāϤে āĻĄুāĻŦি⧟ে āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻšāĻŦে ⧝ā§Ŧ āϘāύ্āϟা। āĻāϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āϏোāĻ•িং āϟ্āϝাāĻ™্āĻ•ে āĻĒাāύিāϰ āϞেāĻ­েāϞ 
āĻāĻŽāύāĻ­াāĻŦে āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝেāύ āϤা āύāĻŽুāύাāϰ ⧍ā§Ģ āĻŽিāϞি āωāĻĒāϰ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে। 
⧍) ⧝ā§Ŧ āϘāύ্āϟা āĻĒāϰ soak specimen āĻāϰ āĻĢাāχāύাāϞ āĻĄা⧟াāϞ āϰিāĻĄিং āύি⧟ে swell āĻāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āϏেāύ্āϟেāϜ āύিāϰ্āϪ⧟ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āύিāύ্āĻŽāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻ­াāĻŦেঃ

swell(%)= [(change in dial reading)÷( depth of compacted specimen)] ×100


āĻĒেāύিāϟ্āϰেāĻļāύ āϟেāϏ্āϟঃ

ā§§) āĻāχ āϧাāĻĒে āύāĻŽুāύাāϰ āωāĻĒāϰে āϏাāϰāϚাāϰ্āϜ āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāχ āϏাāϰāϚাāϰ্āϜেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻĒ āĻšāĻŦে āϏোāĻ•িং⧟েāϰ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻĻে⧟া āϏাāϰāϚাāϰ্āϜেāϰ āϏāĻŽাāύ।

⧍) ā§Ē.ā§Ģā§Ē āĻ•েāϜি āϞোāĻĄ āĻĻি⧟ে āĻĒেāύিāϟ্āϰেāĻļāύ āĻĒিāϏ্āϟāύāĻ•ে āϏেāϟ āĻ•āϰে āĻĒেāύিāϟ্āϰেāĻļāύ āĻĄা⧟াāϞ āχāύ্āĻĄিāĻ•েāϟāϰ āĻ“ āϞোāĻĄ āχāύ্āĻĄিāĻ•েāϟāϰāĻ•ে āϜিāϰো āĻ•āϰে āύিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।

ā§Š) āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻĒেāύিāϟ্āϰেāĻļāύ āĻĒিāϏ্āϟāύে āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ­াāĻŦে āϞোāĻĄ āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝেāύ, āĻĒেāύিāϟ্āϰেāĻļāύ āϰেāϟ āĻšā§Ÿ ā§§.⧍⧭ āĻŽিāϞিāĻŽিāϟাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻŽিāύিāϟে। āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ ā§Ļ.ā§Ŧā§Ē āĻŽিāϞি., ā§§.⧍⧭ āĻŽিāϞি., ā§§.⧝⧧ āĻŽিāϞি., ⧍.ā§Ģā§Ē āĻŽিāϞি., ā§Š.ā§§ā§Ž āĻŽিāϞি., ā§Š.ā§Žā§§ āĻŽিāϞি., ā§Ē.ā§Ēā§Ģ āĻŽিāϞি., ā§Ģ.ā§Ļā§Ž āĻŽিāϞি., ā§Ģ.⧭⧍ āĻŽিāϞি., ā§Ŧ.ā§Šā§Ģ āĻŽিāϞি., ā§Ŧ.⧝⧝ āĻŽিāϞি., ā§­.ā§Ŧ⧍āĻŽিāϞি., ā§§ā§Ļ.ā§§ā§Ŧ āĻŽিāϞি. āĻāĻŦং ⧧⧍.ā§­ā§Ļ āĻŽিāϞিāĻŽিāϟাāϰ āĻĒেāύিāϟ্āϰেāĻļāύেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āϞোāĻĄ āϰিāĻĄিং āύিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে । 

ā§Ē) āϟেāϏ্āϟেāϰ āĻļেāώে āύāĻŽুāύাāϰ āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ ⧍ā§Ģ āĻŽিāϞিāĻŽিāϟাāϰেāϰ āĻ…ংāĻļেāϰ āĻŽā§ŸেāĻļ্āϚাāϰ āĻ•āύāϟেāύ্āϟ āĻŦেāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।    

āĻĄ্āϰাāχ āĻĄেāύāϏিāϟি āĻ•্āϝাāϞāĻ•ুāϞেāĻļāύঃ

ā§§) āύāĻŽুāύাāϰ  āĻ†ā§ŸāϤāύ āύিāϰ্āϪ⧟ (V):
  
V= (Ī€÷4)× [(D×D×H)÷(1000*1000*1000)]

āĻāĻ–াāύে, V=āύāĻŽুāύাāϰ āĻ†ā§ŸāϤāύ
D= āĻ—ā§œ āĻŦ্āϝাāϏ
H= āĻ—ā§œ āĻ—āĻ­ীāϰāϤা 

⧍) āĻ“ā§Ÿেāϟ āĻĄেāύāϏিāϟি ( āĻ—াāĻŽা) āύিāϰ্āϪ⧟ঃ
 
āĻ—াāĻŽা āĻ“ā§Ÿেāϟ=  āύāĻŽুāύাāϰ āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϝাāĻ• āĻ­āϰ/ āĻ†ā§ŸāϤāύ

ā§Š) āĻŽā§ŸেāĻļ্āϚাāϰ āĻ•āύāϟেāύ্āϟ āύিāϰ্āϪ⧟ঃঃ

m=[(A-B)/(B-C)]×100

āĻāĻ–াāύে,
m= āĻŽā§ŸেāĻļ্āϚাāϰ āĻ•āύāϟেāύ্āϟ 
A= āĻŽā§ŸেāĻļ্āϚাāϰ āĻ•āύ্āϟেāύাāϰ āĻ“ āĻ­েāϜা āĻŽাāϟিāϰ āĻ­āϰ 
B= āĻŽā§ŸেāĻļ্āϚাāϰ āĻ•āύ্āϟেāύাāϰ āĻ“ āĻ“āĻ­েāύে āĻļুāĻ•াāύো āĻŽাāϟিāϰ āĻ­āϰ
C= āĻŽā§ŸেāĻļ্āϚাāϰ āĻ•āύ্āϟেāύাāϰেāϰ āĻ­āϰ

ā§Ē) āĻĄ্āϰাāχ āĻĄেāύāϏিāϟি āύিāϰ্āϪ⧟ঃ

āĻĢিāϞ্āĻĄ āĻĄ্āϰাāχ āĻĄেāύāϏিāϟ,  āĻ—াāĻŽা  =  (āĻ—াāĻŽা āĻ“ā§Ÿেāϟ)/[( ā§§+ m/ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ)]
 āĻāĻ–াāύে, m= āĻŽā§ŸেāĻļ্āϚাāϰ āĻ•āύāϟেāύ্āϟ 


āϏিāĻŦিāφāϰ āύিāϰ্āϪ⧟ঃ

 
 āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āϞোāĻĄ P = R*K
āĻāĻ–াāύে R= āĻĒ্āϰোāĻ­িং āϰিং⧟ে āϰিāĻĄিং
K= āĻĒ্āϰোāĻ­িং āϰিং⧟েāϰ āĻ•্āϝাāϞিāĻŦ্āϰেāĻļāύ āĻĢ্āϝাāĻ•্āϟāϰ

āĻĒেāύিāϟ্āϰেāĻļāύ āϏ্āϟ্āϰেāϏ= āϞোāĻĄ/ CBP āĻĒেāύিāϟ্āϰেāĻļāύ āĻĒ্āϞাāύāϜাāϰেāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰāĻĢāϞ

āĻāχ āĻŽাāύāĻĻ্āĻŦ⧟ āĻ—্āϰাāĻĢে āĻŦāϏি⧟ে āϏিāĻŦিāφāϰ āύিāϰ্āϪ⧟ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ। 
   
  āύāϰāĻŽাāϞি ⧍.ā§Ģā§Ē āĻŽিāϞি āĻĒেāύিāϟ্āϰেāĻļāύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĒ্āϤ āϏিāĻŦিāφāϰ āĻāϰ āĻŽাāύ ā§Ģ.ā§Ļā§Ž āĻŽিāϞিāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĒ্āϤ āĻŽাāύেāϰ āϚে⧟ে āĻŦ⧜ āĻšāĻŦে āφāϰ āϝāĻĻি ā§Ģ.ā§Ļā§Ž āĻŽিāϞিāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĒ্āϤ āĻŽাāύ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻšā§Ÿ āϤাāĻšāϞে āφāĻŦাāϰāĻ“ āϟেāϏ্āϟ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।      

     
             
             

āĻ­াāϞো āχāϟ āϚেāύাāϰ āωāĻĒা⧟



āĻ•āύāϏ্āϟ্āϰাāĻ•āĻļāύ āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ­াāϞো āχāϟ āϚেāύা āĻ–ুāĻŦāχ āϜāϰুāϰি। āĻāĻ–āύ āϚোāĻ–ে āĻĻেāĻ–ে āϚেāύাāϰ āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĢিāϞ্āĻĄ āϟেāϏ্āϟāĻ“ āϜাāύা āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰ, āϝেāĻ—ুāϞো āϝেāĻ•োāύ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻŽাāύুāώāĻ“ āĻ–ুāĻŦ āϏāĻšāϜে āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে āϞ্āϝাāĻŦ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āϝাāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ āĻĒ⧜āĻŦে āύা। 

āχāϟেāϰ āĻĢিāϞ্āĻĄ āϟেāϏ্āϟāĻ—ুāϞো āĻšāϚ্āĻ›েঃ

ā§§) āĻāĻ•āϟুāĻ•āϰা āχāϟ āύি⧟ে āĻāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĒেāϰেāĻ• āύি⧟ে āĻšাāϞāĻ•া āĻ•āϰে āφঁāϚ⧜ āĻ•াāϟাāϰ āϚেāώ্āϟা āĻ•āϰি। āĻ­াāϞো āχāϟে āĻĻাāĻ— āĻĒ⧜āĻŦে āύা āφāϰ āĻ–াāϰাāĻĒ āχāϟে āϏāĻšāϜেāχ āĻĻাāĻ— āϤৈāϰি āĻšāĻŦে।

⧍) āĻāĻ•āϟুāĻ•āϰা āχāϟ āĻšাāϤে āύি⧟ে āĻāĻ•ে āĻšাāϤু⧜ āĻĻি⧟ে āĻšাāϞāĻ•া āφāϘাāϤ āĻ•āϰি āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻĻুāχ āϟুāĻ•āϰা āχāϟ āĻšাāϤে āύি⧟ে āĻĒāϰāώ্āĻĒāϰāĻ•ে āφāϘাāϤ āĻ•āϰি। āχāϟ āĻ­াāϞ āĻšāϞে āĻāĻ–াāύে āϏুāύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻŽেāϟাāϞিāĻ• āϏাāωāύ্āĻĄ āĻšāĻŦে। 
    

ā§Š) āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽেে āĻĻুāχ āϟুāĻ•āϰো āχāϟ āύি⧟ে āĻāĻ•āϟিāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āφāϰেāĻ•āϟি āύি⧟ে  T-āφāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āϏেāχāĻĒ āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰি। āϤাāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ•ে 1.2-1.5 āĻŽিāϟাāϰ āωāϚ্āϚāϤা⧟ āύি⧟ে āĻĢেāϞে āĻĻিāϞে āĻ­াāϞো āχāϟ āĻ­াāĻ™āĻŦে āύা āφāϰ āχāϟ āĻ­াāϞো āύা āĻšāϞে āĻ­েāĻ™ে āϝাāĻŦে।    

āĻāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰি⧟া āĻ…āύুāϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰে āϏāĻšāϜেāχ āϝেāĻ•েāω āĻ­াāϞো/ āĻŽāύ্āĻĻ āχāϟ āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে ।

Loss Angeles Abration Test (āĻāϞ āĻ āϟেāώ্āϟ)

Los Angeles Abration Test : āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ  aggregate āĻāϰ toughness āĻ“ abrasion characteristics āϜাāύাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻāχ āϟেāώ্āϟ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ।

āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύী⧟ āϝāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻĒাāϤিঃ-    

ā§§) Los Angeles abration machine
⧍) āĻ•াāώ্āϟ āĻ†ā§Ÿāϰāύ/ āώ্āϟীāϞ āĻŦāϞ - ā§Ēā§Ž āĻŽিāĻŽি āĻĄা⧟াāĻŽিāϟাāϰ āĻ“ ā§Šā§¯ā§Ļ-ā§Ēā§Ēā§Ģ āĻ—্āϰাāĻŽ āĻ­āϰেāϰ ā§Ŧ-⧧⧍ āϟি āĻŦāϞ।
ā§Š) sieve- ā§§.ā§­ā§Ļ āĻŽিāĻŽি., ⧍.ā§Šā§Ŧ āĻŽি āĻŽি, ā§Ē.ā§­ā§Ģ āĻŽিāĻŽি, ā§Ŧ.ā§Š āĻŽিāĻŽি, ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽিāĻŽি, ⧧⧍.ā§Ģ āĻŽিāĻŽি, ⧍ā§Ļ āĻŽিāĻŽি, ⧍ā§Ģ āĻŽিāĻŽি, ā§Ēā§Ļ āĻŽিāĻŽি,  ā§Ģā§ĻāĻŽিāĻŽি, ā§Ŧā§ŠāĻŽিāĻŽ, ā§Žā§Ļ āĻŽিāĻŽি
ā§Ē) āĻŦ্āϝাāϞাāύ্āϏ
ā§Ģ) āĻ“āĻ­েāύ
ā§Ŧ) āϟ্āϰে āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি।



āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিঃ
ā§§) āĻ“āĻ­েāύ āĻĄ্āϰা⧟েāĻĄ (ā§§ā§Ļā§Ģ-ā§§ā§§ā§Ļ āĻĄিāĻ—্āϰী āϏেāϞāϏি⧟াāϏ āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্āϰা)  āϏ্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒāϞ A, B, C āĻ“ D āĻ—্āϰেāĻĄেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ ā§Ģ āĻ•েāϜি āĻāĻŦং E, F āĻ“ G āĻāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻ•েāϜি āύিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āύিāϚেāϰ āϟেāĻŦিāϞ āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী-

  
⧍) āĻāĻŦাāϰ āύিāϚেāϰ āϟেāĻŦিāϞ āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী āĻŦāϞ āĻŽেāĻļিāύে āύিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে-

 āĻ—্āϰেāĻĄ āĻŦāϞ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা  āĻŦāϞেāϰ āĻ­āϰ
 A

 ā§§ā§¨ ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ(+/-)⧍ā§Ģ
 B ā§§ā§§ ā§Ēā§Ģā§Žā§Ē(+/-)⧍ā§Ģ
 C ā§Ļā§Ž ā§Šā§Šā§Šā§Ļ(+/-)⧍ā§Ģ
 D ā§Ļā§Ŧ ā§¨ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ(+/-)⧍ā§Ģ
 E ā§§ā§¨ ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ(+/-)⧍ā§Ģ
 F ā§§ā§¨ ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ(+/-)⧍ā§Ģ
 G ā§§ā§¨ ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ(+/-)⧍ā§Ģ

ā§Š)  āύিāϰ্āϧাāϰিāϤ āĻ­āϰেāϰ āϏ্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒāϞ āĻ“ āĻŦāϞ āĻŽেāĻļিāύেāϰ āϏিāϞিāύ্āĻĄাāϰে āύি⧟ে āϤাāϰ āĻŽুāĻ– āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽেāĻļিāύāϟিāĻ•ে āϏুāχāϚ āĻ…āύ āĻ•āϰে ā§Šā§Ļ-ā§Šā§Š āϘূāϰ্āĻŖāύ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻŽিāύিāϟ āĻ—āϤিāϤে āϘুāϰাāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। A, B, C āĻ“ D āĻ—্āϰেāĻĄেāϰ āϏ্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒāϞেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŦাāϰ āĻāĻŦং E, F āĻ“ G āĻ—্āϰেāĻĄেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŦাāϰ āϘুāϰাāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।

ā§Ē) āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻŽেāĻļিāύāϟি āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻ•āϰে āϏিāϞিāύ্āĻĄাāϰেāϰ āĻŽুāĻ– āĻ–ুāϞে āĻŦāϞāϏāĻš āϏ্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒāϞāĻ—ুāϞো āĻāĻ•āϟি āϟ্āϰে āϤে āĻĸেāϞে āύিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।     

ā§Ģ) āϤাāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻŦāϞāĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻ•āϰে āύি⧟ে āϏ্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒāϞāĻ—ুāϞো ā§§.ā§­ āĻŽি.āĻŽি. āϏিāĻ­ āĻĻি⧟ে āϚেāϞে āύিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।  

āĻ•্āϝাāϞāĻ•ুāϞেāĻļāύঃ 

āϧāϰি,
    A= āĻ“āĻ­েāύ āĻĄ্āϰা⧟েāĻĄ āϏ্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒāϞেāϰ āĻ“āϜāύ
    B= ā§§.ā§­ā§Ļ āĻŽি.āĻŽি. āϏিāĻ­েāϰ āωāĻĒāϰে āĻĨাāĻ•া āϏ্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒāϞেāϰ āĻ“āϜāύ

    āϤাāĻšāϞে, āϏ্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒāϞেāϰ āĻāϞāĻ (LA VALUE) āĻ­্āϝাāϞু  = ( (A-B)/A)*100


  


  
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